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1.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 35(4): 546-556, July-Aug. 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385269

ABSTRACT

Abstract Ischemic strokes secondary to occlusion of large vessels have been described in patients with COVID-19. Also, venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism have been related to the disease. Vascular occlusion may be associated with a prothrombotic state due to COVID-19-related coagulopathy and endotheliopathy. Intracranial hemorrhagic lesions can additionally be seen in these patients. The causative mechanism of hemorrhage could be associated with anticoagulant therapy or factors such as coagulopathy and endotheliopathy. We report on cases of ischemic, thrombotic, and hemorrhagic complications in six patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed typical SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia findings in all the cases, which were all confirmed by either serology or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Thromboembolism/complications , COVID-19/complications , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Ischemic Stroke , Hemorrhage
2.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 35(1): eabc285, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1372177

ABSTRACT

A doença de Chagas representa um importante problema de saúde pública, sobretudo nos países endêmicos da América Latina. Dentre suas apresentações clínicas, a cardiomiopatia crônica é a mais frequente. De patogênese multifatorial, o acometimento miocárdico pode levar à insuficiência cardíaca, a eventos tromboembólicos, a arritmias e à morte súbita. Nesse contexto, a ressonância magnética cardiovascular é um excelente método não invasivo para a investigação do dano miocárdico e a compreensão dos mecanismos e consequências relacionados às essas lesões. Com elevada resolução espacial e capacidade de caracterização tecidual, a ressonância magnética cardiovascular proporciona análise morfofuncional altamente confiável e possibilita a identificação de marcadores de risco de eventos adversos em pacientes com doença de Chagas, sendo de grande utilidade para o diagnóstico e o acompanhamento desses indivíduos na rotina clínica. (AU)


Chagas disease represents an important public health problem, especially in endemic countries in Latin America. Chronic cardiomyopathy is its most frequent clinical presentation. Myocardial involvement has a multifactorial pathogenesis and can lead to heart failure, thromboembolic events, arrhythmias, and sudden death. In this context, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is an excellent noninvasive method for investigating myocardial damage and understanding the mechanisms and consequences of these injuries. CMR has high spatial resolution and tissue characterization capacity, enabling a highly reliable morphofunctional analysis and the identification of risk markers for adverse events in patients with Chagas disease. This exam is very useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients in the routine clinical setting. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis , Chagas Disease/etiology , Ventricular Dysfunction/pathology , Heart Ventricles/abnormalities , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications , Thromboembolism/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Death, Sudden , Heart Failure/complications , Latin America/epidemiology
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(5): 505-511, ago. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287203

ABSTRACT

Resumen La pandemia COVID-19 provocada por el betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 exige rápidas respuestas desde el campo de la medicina. El riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso y arterial está aumentado durante la infección, especialmente en pacientes críticos. En ese contexto se destaca una coagulopatía caracterizada por niveles elevados de dímero D, con tendencia a la falla multiorgánica, y aumento de la mortalidad. Esas anormalidades de la hemostasia responden a varios mecanismos que deben tenerse en cuenta para la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Analizamos la evidencia científica disponible en la que se fundamenta el enfoque terapéutico de la coagulopatía descripta y sus complicaciones, con el objetivo de diseñar recomendaciones terapéuticas realistas tendientes a disminuir la morbilidad y la mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19.


Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires rapid medical responses. The risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism increases in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. There is a hypercoagulable state that includes elevated levels of D-dimer, with an increased risk of organ failure and increased mortality. The abnormalities described in hemostasis should be considered for therapeutic decision making. We analyzed the available scientific evidence for the therapeutic approach of coagulopathy in the course of the disease with the objective of designing realistic therapeutic recommendations aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/blood , Thromboembolism/complications , Blood Coagulation Disorders/etiology , Coronavirus Infections/blood , Coronavirus , Pandemics , Argentina/epidemiology , Blood Coagulation Disorders/diagnosis , Blood Coagulation Disorders/prevention & control , Blood Coagulation Disorders/epidemiology , Cytokines , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19
4.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 55(4): 426-431, Jul.-Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138054

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective The objective of the present study is to evaluate the impact evaluate the impact of an institutional protocol on a tertiary hospital for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in 2005 patients submitted to primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods Data from medical records of patients submitted TKA before (n= 1,115) and after (n= 890) the implementation of the institutional protocol, totaling 2,005 patients, were retrospectively reported. Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes were analyzed. Results There was no significant change in the cases of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (1.6% versus 2.4%; p= 0.211). There was an increase in cases of pulmonary embolism (PE) (0.2% versus 0.8% p= 0.049). Conclusion Despite the implementation of the prevention protocol, no reduction in the studied events was observed. The small global incidence makes further studies with larger series necessary to confirm or rule out these findings.


Resumo Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o impacto de um protocolo institucional em um hospital terciário na prevenção do tromboembolismo venoso em 2.005 pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total primária de joelho. Métodos Os dados dos prontuários de pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total do joelho antes (n= 1.115) e após (n= 890) a implantação do protocolo institucional, totalizando 2.005 pacientes, foram relatados retrospectivamente. Dados demográficos, comorbidades e desfechos foram analisados. Resultados Não houve alteração significativa nos casos de trombose venosa profunda (TVP) (1,6% versus 2,4%; p= 0,211). Houve um aumento nos casos de embolia pulmonar (EP) (0,2% versus 0,8%; p= 0,049). Conclusão Apesar da implementação do protocolo de prevenção, não houve redução nos eventos estudados. A pequena incidência global faz com que novos estudos, com séries maiores, sejam necessários para confirmar ou descartar esses achados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thromboembolism/complications , Medical Records , Incidence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Arthroplasty, Replacement , Venous Thrombosis , Venous Thromboembolism , Knee
6.
J. vasc. bras ; 17(3)jul.-set. 2018. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-915983

ABSTRACT

Bullet embolization of the arterial or venous systems is a rare complication of penetrating gunshot injuries. A 29-year­old man presented at the emergency department with a gunshot wound to the left arm, which had transfixed the arm and entered the thorax, with no exit wound. Initial radiographies showed a projectile in the upper left thigh. Contrast­enhanced tomography showed a pseudo-aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta and the bullet inside the proximal left superficial femoral artery. Physical examination found diminished left pedal pulses, and the patient complained of left toe numbness. Endovascular thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm repair was performed, sealing the descending aortic orifice with an endograft, and thromboembolectomy/bullet retrieval was carried out via a left femoral incision, both successfully. Considering that diagnosis of missile emboli depends on a high degree of suspicion, physicians who manage gunshot wound patients must be acutely aware of the possibility of intravascular bullet embolism


A embolia balística pelo sistema arterial ou venoso é uma complicação rara de ferimentos penetrantes por arma de fogo. Um homem de 29 anos se apresentou na emergência com um ferimento por arma de fogo no braço esquerdo, que transfixou o braço e atingiu o tórax, sem ferimento de saída. Radiografias iniciais mostraram o projétil na coxa superior esquerda. A tomografia contrastada mostrou um pseudoaneurisma da aorta torácica descendente e o projétil no interior da artéria femoral superficial proximal esquerda. Ao exame físico, o pulso pedioso esquerdo estava diminuído e o paciente referiu dormência no hálux esquerdo. Foi realizado o reparo endovascular da aorta torácica e a tromboembolectomia/retirada do projétil por incisão femoral esquerda, ambos bem-sucedidos. Considerando que o diagnóstico de embolia balística depende de um alto grau de suspeição, os médicos que manejam pacientes com ferimentos por arma de fogo devem estar atentos a essa possibilidade


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Embolism , Femoral Artery , Wounds, Gunshot , Aneurysm, False/complications , Aneurysm, False/diagnosis , Aorta, Thoracic/injuries , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Femoral Artery/injuries , Lower Extremity , Radiography/methods , Thromboembolism/complications , Tomography/methods , Upper Extremity
7.
Sudan Heart Journal ; 5(2): 200-208, 2018. ilus
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1272306

ABSTRACT

Background: Rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS) is a common problem in the Sudanese community, usually affecting the younger population. It can be a crippling condition with many complications, thromboembolism being one of the most serious. Objective:The aim of this study is to quantify the prevalence of thromboembolism and to identify its risk factors in Sudanese patients with MS at Ahmed Gasim Cardiac Centre. Methodology:Records of patients admitted from Jan 1999-Jan 2003, were retrospectively reviewed and data from various clinical and echocardiographic variables were recorded. Results:A total of 412 patients were studied, 142 (34.5%) were males, 270 (65.5%) were females. There were no significant differences in the gender (P = 0.606) or severity of symptoms between patients with and without thromboembolism. Patients with thromboembolism were older (P < 0.016), had more frequent atrial fibrillation (P = 0.017), smaller mitral valve area (P = 0.021) and higher pulmonary artery pressure (P = 0.012) compared to patients without thromboembolism. Dilated left atrial (LA) size was significantly associated with thromboembolism (P = 0.034), spontaneous echo contrast (P = 0.048) and the presence of LA or left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus (P = 0.029). The presence of LA/LAA thrombus was significantly associated with both thromboembolism (P = 0.05) and spontaneous echo contrast (P < 0.0001). Transoesophageal echocardiography was more sensitive in detecting both spontaneous echo contrast (P < 0.0001) and LA/LAA thrombus (P < 0.0001) than transthoracic echocardiography. Conclusion: These results highlight the clinical and echocardiographic risk factors for thromboembolism, the sensitivity of transoesophageal echo for assessment of those patients, and the need for early referral for percutaneous transvenous mitral commisurotomy (PTMC)


Subject(s)
Mitral Valve Stenosis , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sudan , Thromboembolism/complications
9.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 30(4): f:334-l:342, jul.-ago 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-846793

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: Durante a comercialização de novos medicamentos, efeitos inéditos podem ser descobertos. O dabigratana é um anticoagulante aprovado pela ANVISA em 2008. Objetivos: Avaliar segurança, efetividade, perfil de eventos adversos e adesão terapêutica ao dabigatrana (110 e 150 mg) prescrito para pacientes com fibrilação atrial não valvar. Métodos: Pacientes em uso de dabigatrana foram submetidos a entrevistas ao longo do primeiro ano de tratamento, avaliando-se a prescrição em função da dose, idade, gênero e fatores de risco, bem como a prevalência de eventos adversos e o perfil dos pacientes envolvidos. Resultados: O estudo começou com 139 pacientes havendo redução do número de sujeitos em uso do anticoagulante ao final (10% dose 110 mg e 30% dose 150 mg), sem variação nas proporções dos indivíduos quanto ao gênero (homens@65%), faixa etária (idade inferior a 75 anos@80%), escores de risco para eventos tromboembólicos (CHA2 DS2-VASc≥2 @80%) e hemorrágicos (HASBLED<3 @50% dose 110mg e @85% dose 150 mg). O evento adverso mais comum foi a dispepsia (≥10%), independentemente do gênero, porém com menor frequência na faixa etária superior a 75 anos (@20% dos casos). A dispepsia relacionada ao dabigatrana foi principalmente associada a sua combinação com betabloqueadores (@70%), porém, minoritariamente com antidiabéticos (@20%), antiplaquetários (@10%), inibidores da bomba de prótons (@30%) e antagonistas de receptores H2 (@3%). A adesão foi de @60%, independentemente dos eventos adversos relatados. Não foram observados casos de evento tromboembólico e nem sangramento maior


Background: During its commercialization phase, unprecedented effects of new medicaments can be discovered. Dabigatran is an anticoagulant approved by Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency in 2008. Objectives: To assess safety, effectiveness adverse event profile and adherence to dabigatran (110 mg and 150 mg) prescribed for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Methods: Patients taking dabigatran were subjected to interviews during the first year of treatment, evaluating the prescription depending on the dose, age, gender and risk factors as well as the prevalence of adverse events and the profile of the patients involved. Results: Between the beginning and the end of the study there was a reduction in the number of subjects using this anticoagulant (10% for the dose of 110 mg and 30% for the dose of 150 mg), without changes in the proportions of individuals regarding to gender (men @65%), age (age <75 anos @80%), anticoagulation previous history (@85%) and risk scores for thromboembolic (CHA2DS2≥VASc = 2 @80%) and bleeding (HASBLED <3 @50% dose 110 mg and @85% dose 150 mg) events. The most common adverse event was dyspepsia (≥10%), regardless of gender, but less frequently in patients over 75 years of age (@20% of cases). Dyspepsia related to dabigatran was mainly associated to its combination with beta-blockers (@70%), but minoritarily with oral hypoglycemic (@20%), antiplatelet agents (@10%), proton pump inhibitors (@30%) and antagonists H2 (@3%). Therapeutic adherence was @60% regardless of the described adverse events. There were no cases of thromboembolic event and major bleeding. Conclusions: Dabigatran has shown to be safe and effective in the evaluated conditions


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cardiology , Dabigatran/administration & dosage , Dabigatran/adverse effects , Hospitals, Public/trends , Medication Adherence , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Dyspepsia/complications , Hemorrhage , Observational Studies as Topic , Pharmacovigilance , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/therapy , Treatment Outcome
10.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(3): 186-194, jul.-set. 2017. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-875256

ABSTRACT

O uso de anticoagulantes tem papel essencial na prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos em pacientes com fibrilação atrial (FA). Entretanto, esse tratamento pode ter consequências graves, como eventos hemorrágicos. Por este motivo, é importante classificar os pacientes quanto ao risco de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e embolia sistêmica e identificar aqueles para os quais a terapia anticoagulante está indicada para prevenção desses eventos, assim como evitar o uso desse tratamento em pacientes de baixo risco. Os escores de risco de eventos tromboembólicos para pacientes com FA mais utilizados na prática clínica são CHADS2 e o CHA2DS2VASc, que apresentam um valor de estatística C entre 0,6 e 0,7, o que representa performance razoável. Para predizer o risco de eventos hemorrágicos, estão disponíveis os escores HEMORR2HAGES, HAS-BLED, ATRIA e ORBIT, com estatística C em torno de 0,6, ou seja, capacidade preditora modesta. Os escores usados para pacientes com FA são razoáveis na predição de risco de eventos isquêmicos e hemorrágicos, no entanto seu papel quanto à capacidade de guiar o tratamento é limitado. Os registros de prática clínica têm demonstrado que os pacientes com maior risco de AVC são os que recebem anticoagulante com menos frequência, o que configura um "paradoxo" de tratamento. Novos escores, que incluem fatores clínicos e biomarcadores e que já têm validação externa, deverão ajudar a comunidade médica nas decisões terapêuticas, fornecendo informações úteis adicionais para se atingir o maior benefício líquido: máxima redução de eventos isquêmicos à custa do menor risco de sangramento ao promover a anticoagulação em pacientes com FA


Anticoagulation therapy plays an essential role in preventing thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, this treatment can have severe consequences, such as hemorrhagic events. For this reason, it is important to classify patients according to their risk of stroke and systemic embolism, and to identify those patients for whom anticoagulation therapy is indicated, in order to prevent these events and avoid the use of this treatment in low-risk patients. The risks scores of thromboembolic events for patients with AF that are most used in clinical practice are CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc, which present C-statistics values of between 0.6 to 0.7, representing reasonable performance. To predict the risk of hemorrhagic events, the HEMORR2HAGES, HAS-BLED, ATRIA and ORBIT scores are available, with C-statistics of around 0.6, i.e. modest predicting capacity. The scores used for patients with AF are reasonable in predicting the risk of ischemic and bleeding events, but their role in terms of their capacity to guide the treatment is limited. Registries of clinical practice have shown that patients at higher risk for stroke are those that received anticoagulants with less frequency, leading to what is known as a treatment "paradox". New scores, which include clinical factors and biomarkers and have external validation, should help the medical community in the therapeutic decision-making process, providing useful additional information in order to achieve better net benefit: maximum reduction of isquemic events, with a lower risk of bleeding, while promoting anticoagulation in patients with AF


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/therapy , Risk Factors , Hemorrhage/complications , Patients , Biomarkers , Sex Factors , ROC Curve , Age Factors , Stroke/complications , Hypertension/complications , Anticoagulants/adverse effects
11.
Rev. fac. cienc. méd. (Impr.) ; 13(2): 37-46, ju.-dic. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-833578

ABSTRACT

La tromboembolia venosa resulta de la alteración enuno de los componentes de la tríada de Virchow. Dentro de ella encontramos la trombosis venosa profunda y la embolia pulmonar, siendo la última una complicación potencialmente fatal. La tromboembolia venosa es una causa común de muerte prevenible en los pacientes hospitalizados; aproximadamente un tercio de las muertes relacionadas con esta patología ocurren después de una intervención quirúrgica. Con una detallada anamnesis se conocen las patologías y factores de riesgo previos, coadyuvando a trazar un plan profiláctico o terapéutico para cada caso. Según la complejidad del procedimiento quirúrgico, comorbilidades y factores de riesgo, se sugiere el uso de terapia profiláctica farmacológica y/o mecánica para prevenir la trombosis. Las recomendaciones en el tratamiento profiláctico actualmente son en base a la escala de Caprini y Rogers. Objetivo: Caracterizar el tratamiento profiláctico de la trombosis venosa profunda en pacientes de cirugía general. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión no sistemática de artículos publicados en revistas indizadas en base de datos nacionales e internacionales. Inicialmente se obtuvo el resumen y texto completo de las publicaciones mediante el uso e palabras claves para la búsqueda, finalizando con la aplicación de los criterios de selección. Conclusión: Los factores de riesgo para tromboembolia venosa se deben considerar para clasificar el riesgo y establecer la profilaxis preoperatoria adecuada según el procedimiento y patología preexistente...(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Database , Pulmonary Embolism , Thromboembolism/complications , Venous Thrombosis
12.
Lima; s.n; jul. 2016.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-847798

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: El presente dictamen presenta la evaluación de tecnología de la eficacia y seguridad de dabigatran 110mg para el tratamiento de pacientes adultos con fibrilación auricular no valvular de alto riesgo tromboembólico y respuesta inadecuada a warfarina. Aspectos Generales: La fibrilación auricular (FA) es el tipo de arritmia cardíaca más común en adultos, siendo una causa importante de morbilidad así como un factor de riesgo para la mortalidad en general. Se estima que en pacientes menores a 50 años menos del 1% es afectado, mientras que en adultos mayores a 80 años, el riesgo aumenta a un 23.5%. El riesgo de desarrollarlo es de aproximadamente uno en cada cuatro personas a partir de los 40 años en adelante. Tecnología Sanitaria de Interés: El anticoagulante oral de nueva generación dabigatran (Pradaxa®, Boehringer Ingelheim) es un inhibidor directo de trombina (IDT). Administrado como prodroga, dabigatrán etexilato (DE) se asocia a un núcleo de ácido tartárico, el cual es rápidamente convertido en la droga activa mediante hidrólisis por esterasas plasmáticas. METODOLOGÍA: Estrategia de Busqueda: Se realizó una estrategia de búsqueda sistemática de la evidencia científica con respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de Dabigatran en pacientes adultos con fibrilación auricular no valvular de alto riesgo tromboembólico y con respuesta inadecuada a warfarina. Para la búsqueda primaria se revisó la información disponible por entes reguladoras y normativas como la Administración de Drogas y Alimentos (FDA) de Estados Unidos, la Agencia de Medicamentos Europea (EMA) y la Dirección General de Medicamentos y Drogas (DIGEMID) en el Perú. RESULTADOS: Tras la búsqueda bibliográfica se encontraron documentos que evaluaron la eficacia y seguridad de dabigatran en pacientes adultos con fibrilación auricular no valvular de alto riesgo tromboembólico y con respuesta inadecuada a warfarina. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró evidencia indirecta proveniente de dos guías de práctica clínica, dos evaluaciones de tecnología sanitaria, una revisión sistemática, un ensayo clínico aleatorizado fase \r\nIII y un estudio observacional con respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de dabigatran 110mg como terapia de segunda línea para el tratamiento de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular de alto riesgo tromboembólico y tras una respuesta inadecuada a la terapia estándar con warfarina. En general, el uso de dabigatran se justifica en vista que un paciente inadecuadamente anticoagulado por la no-respuesta a warfarina, se encuentra en un alto riesgo de desarrollár eventos cardiovasculares y tromboembólicos como lo son ACV y ES, lo cual a su vez incrementa su riesgo de mortalidad. El Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación ­ IETSI aprueba el uso de Dabigatran 110mg para el manejo de pacientes con diagnóstico de fibrilación auricular no valvular de alto riesgo tromboembólico y con \r\nrespuesta inadecuada a warfarina. El Dictamen Preliminar tendrá una vigencia de dos años a partir de la fecha de su publicación. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Thromboembolism/complications , Dabigatran/administration & dosage , Risk Factors , Technology Assessment, Biomedical , Treatment Outcome , Warfarin/adverse effects
13.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 31(3): 239-245, May.-June 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-796128

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: In patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves or atrial fibrillation requiring anticoagulation to prevent thromboembolic events, several factors influence adherence and anticoagulation complications. Objective: To evaluate the factors that interfere with the quality and complications of anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 100 patients, in the period from 2011 to 2014, was performed. Anticoagulation conditions in the last year, regarding the presence of complications (embolisms/bleeding) and inadequate treatment were assessed: achievement of less than 8 annual prothrombin times and International Normalized Ratio outside therapeutic target in more than 40% of prothrombin times. Results: There were 31 complications (22 minor bleeding without hospitalization and 9 major complications: 7 bleeding with hospitalization and two emboli); 70 were with International Normalized Ratio outside the target in more than 40% of the tests and 36 with insufficient number of prothrombin times. Socioeconomic factors, anticoagulant type and anticoagulation reason had no relationship with complications or with inadequate treatment. There were more complications in patients with longer duration of anticoagulation (P=0.001). Women had more International Normalized Ratio outside the target range (OR 2.61, CI:1.0-6.5; P=0.04). Patients with lower number of annual prothrombin times had longer times of anticoagulation (P=0.03), less annual consultations (P=0.02) and less dose adjustments (P=0.003). Patients with longer duration of anticoagulation have more complications (P=0.001). Conclusion: There was a high rate of major complications and International Normalized Ratio was outside the goal. Less annual prothrombin times was related to longer duration of anticoagulation, less annual consultations and less dose adjustments. More major complications occurred in patients with longer duration of anticoagulation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Vitamin K/antagonists & inhibitors , Postoperative Hemorrhage/etiology , Ambulatory Care Facilities/statistics & numerical data , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Prothrombin Time/statistics & numerical data , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Socioeconomic Factors , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/etiology , Time Factors , Vitamin K/adverse effects , Warfarin/adverse effects , International Normalized Ratio/statistics & numerical data , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Anticoagulants/adverse effects
14.
Lima; s.n; mayo 2016.
Non-conventional in Spanish | LILACS, BRISA | ID: biblio-848471

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: El presente dictamen expone la evaluación de tecnología sanitaria de eficacia y seguridad del fármaco Rivaroxaban para el tratamiento de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular de alto riesgo tromboembólico y respuesta inadecuada a warfarina. Aspcetos Generales: La fibrilación auricular es el tipo de arritmia más más comun en adultos, siendo una causa importante de morbilidad, así como un factor de riesgo para la mortalidad. El riesgo de vida para el desarrollo de FA es de aproximadamente una en cada cuatro personas a partir de los 40 años en adelante. Tecnología Sanitaria de Interés: Rivaroxaban es un anticoagulante oral inhibidor directo del Factor Xa. La molécula es pequeña (435.9 g/mol), altamente selectiva, ácida y más lipofílica que otros inhibidores con grandes residuos básicos, por lo que posee una mayor habilidad de traspasar el epitelio lipofílico del tracto gastrointestinal. Es absorbido rápidamente alcanzando concentraciones máximas aproximadamente de 2 a 4 horas tras su administración oral. METODOLOGÍA: Estrategia de Búqueda: Se realizó una estrategia de búsqueda sistemática de la evidencia científica con respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de Rivaroxaban para el tratamiento de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular de alto riesgo tromboembólico y respuesta inadecuada a warfarina. Para la búsqueda primaria, se revisó la información disponible por entes reguladoras y normativas como la Agencia Europea de Medicamentos (EMA), la Administración de Drogas y Alimentos (FDA), la Dirección General de Medicamentos y Drogas (DIGEMID). También se buscó información a través de los metabuscadores: Translating Research into Practice (TRIPDATABASE), national Library oF Medicine (Pubmed-Medline), The National Guideline of Clearinghouse, y Health Systems Evidence. Finalmente, se consultaron los grupos internacionales que realizan revisiones sistemáticas, evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias y guías de práctica clínica. RESULTADOS: Tras lá búsqueda se encontró evidencia científica y documentos de entes reguladoras acerca de la eficacia y seguridad de Rivaroxaban para el tratamiento de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular de alto riesgo tromboembólico y respuesta inadecuada a warfarina. Sinopsis de la Evidencia: Se ecnontró evidencia en guías de práctica clínica, revisiones sistemáticas con meta-análisis acerca de la eficacia y seguridad de Rivaroxaban para el tratamiento de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular. Se encontró que las recomendaciones y conclusiones se encuentran sustentables en un único ensayo clínico aleatorizado fase III, por los que solo se describirá dicho estudio en detalle en el presente Dictamen. Sin embargo, se encontraron asimismo una serie de publicaciones en revistas internacionales y documentos de entidades reguladoras internacionales en los que se cuestionó la validez del ROCKET-AF y por consecuencia, de la eficacia y seguridad de rivaroxaban. Por tal motivo, estos documentos se revisaron y describieron en la presente evaluación de tecnología sanitaria. CONCLUSIONES: La presente evaluación de tecnología sanitaria recaba la evidencia encontrada acerca de la eficacia y seguridad del fármaco rivaroxaban para el tratamiento de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular de alto riesgo tromboembólico y respuesta inadecuada a warfarina. Se encontró evidencia en guías de práctica clínica actuales de grandes grupos evaluadores internacioales en las que se aprueba y recomienda el uso de rivaroxaban para la prevención de accidentes cerebrovasculares (ACV) y embolia sistémica, así como y revisiones sistemáticas con meta-análisis cuyos resultados sugieren que rivaroxaban es un tratamiento seguro y eficaz para el tratamiento de la población de nuestra pregunta PICO. Toda esta evidencia está basada en los resultados obtenidos por el ensayo clínico aleatorizado fase III, el cual fue estudio de rivaroxaban en el que se muestra que fue no-inferior a su similar warfarina. Sin embargo, el estudio ROCKET-AF ha sido seriamente cuestionado a nivel internacional debido al uso de dispositivos defectuosos en el grupo comparador warfarina, lo cual habría sesgado los resultados del estudio. Al haberse producido un error en los resultados del estudio pivotal, y siendo este estudio, el único sustento de las revisiones sistemáticas y guías de práctica clínicas realizadas en años posteriores al ROCKET-AF, la validez de las recomendaciones y conclusiones de toda la eviencia basada en este estudio es muy cuestionable. A pesar de haberse encontrado análisis d eresultados por sub-grupos del ROCKET-AF se concluyó que estos análisis contienen severas limitaciones metodológicas en sus diseños y no constituyen suficiente evidencia para reafirmarla no-inferioridad de rivaroxaban sobre warfarina ni para establecer que los beneficios superan a los riesgos en la prevención de ACV y embolia sistémica para pacientes con fibrilación auricular no-valvular. Su aprobación de uso debiera postergarse hasta que nueva información levante las obervaciones encontradas. El Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación-IETSI, no aprueba el uso de rivaroxaban para el tratamiento de pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular de alto riesgo tromboembólico y respuesta inadecuada a warfarina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy , Thromboembolism/complications , Warfarin/adverse effects , Rivaroxaban/administration & dosage , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Cost-Benefit Analysis
15.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 214-221, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-225588

ABSTRACT

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a progressive, systemic, life-threatening disease, characterized by chronic uncontrolled complement activation. A retrospective analysis of 301 Korean PNH patients who had not received eculizumab was performed to systematically identify the clinical symptoms and signs predictive of mortality. PNH patients with hemolysis (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] > or = 1.5 x the upper limit of normal [ULN]) have a 4.8-fold higher mortality rate compared with the age- and sex-matched general population (P < 0.001). In contrast, patients with LDH < 1.5 x ULN have a similar mortality rate as the general population (P = 0.824). Thromboembolism (TE) (odds ratio [OR] 7.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] (3.052-16.562), renal impairment (OR, 2.953; 95% CI, 1.116-7.818) and PNH-cytopenia (OR, 2.547; 95% CI, 1.159-5.597) are independent risk factors for mortality, with mortality rates 14-fold (P < 0.001), 8-fold (P < 0.001), and 6.2-fold (P < 0.001) greater than that of the age- and sex-matched general population, respectively. The combination of hemolysis and 1 or more of the clinical symptoms such as abdominal pain, chest pain, or dyspnea, resulted in a much greater increased mortality rate when compared with patients with just the individual symptom alone or just hemolysis. Early identification of risk factors related to mortality is crucial for the management of PNH. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01224483.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Area Under Curve , Dyspnea/etiology , Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/diagnosis , Hemolysis , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Kidney Diseases/complications , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Odds Ratio , ROC Curve , Registries , Republic of Korea , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Thromboembolism/complications
16.
Rev. bras. cardiol. (Impr.) ; 27(5): 374-377, set.-out. 2014. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-742410

ABSTRACT

Miocardiopatia periparto é uma síndrome rara, de etiologia ainda desconhecida, caracterizada por disfunção ventricular esquerda nova, no último mês da gestação ou nos primeiros seis meses pós-parto. Os fatores de risco incluem multíparas, gestação gemelar, etnia negra e idade materna >30 anos. Relata-se o caso de miocardiopatia periparto em adolescente de 13 anos, negra, primípara de feto único, com cardiopatiasassociadas (valva aórtica bicúspide e síndrome deWolff-Parkinson-White) que evoluiu com complicações tromboembólicas e desfecho desfavorável.


Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare syndrome of unknown etiology, characterized by new left ventricular dysfunction in the last month of pregnancy or during the first six months postpartum. Risk factors include multiparous, twin pregnancy, black ethnicity and maternal age above 30 years. This report describes a case of peripartum cardiomyopathy in black female (13 years old), primiparous, single fetus, associated with cardipatias (bicuspid aortic valve and Wolff- Parkinson-White syndrome) who developed thromboembolic complications with an unfavorable outcome.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Cardiomyopathies/etiology , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/complications , Peripartum Period , Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome/physiopathology , Echocardiography/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Risk Factors , Prognosis , Thromboembolism/complications
17.
Rev. bras. cardiol. (Impr.) ; 26(4): 241-247, jul.-ago. 2013. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-702188

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: A varfarina e a femprocumona são os anticoagulantes orais mais utilizados; no entanto, até então, não existem estudos randomizados comparando a estabilidade da anticoagulação entre estes dois fármacos. Objetivos: Comparar a varfarina e femprocumona quanto à estabilidade na manutenção de anticoagulação em nível terapêutico (razão normatizada internacional [RNI] entre 2,0 e 3,0) e avaliar a incidência de complicações hemorrágicas e tromboembólicas decorrentes de anticoagulação inadequada.Métodos: Ensaio clínico, randomizado, duplo-cego, incluindo pacientes em tratamento vigente com anticoagulante oral, porém com RNI abaixo do alvo terapêutico nas últimas três semanas, randomizados para uso de varfarina ou femprocumona. O ajuste da dose da medicação foi realizado conforme algoritmo pré-estabelecido. Resultados: Foram randomizados 62 pacientes, sendo 31 em cada grupo, durante as cinco primeiras semanas de estudo. Verificou-se que a femprocumona se mostrou mais instável comparada à varfarina. A partir da sexta aferição de RNI, o grupo femprocumona apresentou melhora na estabilidade do valor do RNI, porém não houve significância estatística. Também não houve diferença significativa em relação aos efeitos colaterais dos fármacos. Conclusão: A varfarina demonstrou maior eficácia na estabilidade do RNI em relação à femprocumona.


Background: Although warfarin and phenprocoumon are the most widely used oral anticoagulants, there a r e n o r a n d o m i z e d s t u d i e s c o m p a r i n g t h e anticoagulation stability of these two drugs.Objectives: To compare warfarin and phenprocoumon in terms of therapeutic anticoagulation maintenance stability (international normalized ratio [INR] between 2.0 and 3.0) and evaluate the incidence of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications arising from inadequate anticoagulation.Methods: Randomized double-blind clinical trial with patients undergoing current oral anticoagulant treatment but with INR below the therapeutic target during the past 3 weeks, randomized for warfarin or phenprocoumon. Medication dosages were adjusted in compliance with a predetermined algorithm.Results: With 62 patients randomized into two groups of 31 each during the first five weeks of the study, phenprocoumon was found to be more unstable than warfarin. From the sixth INR measurement onwards, the stability of the INR value improved in the phenprocoumon group, but with no statistical significance. There were no significant differences in the side effects of the drugs.Conclusion: Warfarin demonstrated greater effectiveness for INR stability than phenprocoumon.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Drug Stability , Phenprocoumon/administration & dosage , Phenprocoumon/pharmacology , Warfarin/administration & dosage , Warfarin/pharmacology , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/diagnosis
18.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 23(1): 2-8, jan.-mar. 2013. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-686346

ABSTRACT

O uso de anticoagulantes para profilaxia de tromboembolismo restringe-se à Fibrilaçãom Atrial (FA) e Flutter Atrial (FLA). FA é a arritmia sustentada mais prevalente nos dias de hoje, com aumento da prevalência de acordo com o aumento da idade. Está associada com maior risco de Insuficiência Cardíaca, mortalidade e Acidente Vascular Encefalico (um em cada cinco), sendo este último associado à maior gravidade, incapacidade e mortalidade do que isquemias cerebrais de outra etiologia. Deste fato, vem a importância de um adequado tratamento antitrombótico a fim de se evitar a cardioembolia. Neste artigo, temos por objetivo indicar os principais fatores de risco para tromboembolismo na FA, as drogas indicadas para profilaxia antitrombótica, incluindo os novos anticoagulantes orais, sua principais indicações, benefícios e riscos, inclusive em situações especiais como cardioversão e ablação de FA.


The use of anticoagulants for thromboembolism prophylaxis is restricted to Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and Atrial Flutter (FLA). Atrial fibrillation is the most prevalent sustained arrhythmia nowadays, with an increasing prevalence during the aging process. It is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, mortality and stroke (one in five), which is associated with greater severity, disability and mortality than with any other etiology of cerebral ischemia. This fact justifies of an adequate antithrombotic treatment in order to avoid thromboembolism. In this article, we aim to outline the main risk factors of thromboembolism in AF, drugs indicated for antithrombotic prophylaxis, including new oral anticoagulant, the main indications, risks and benefits, including special situations such as electrical cardioversion and ablation of AF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Catheter Ablation/adverse effects , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Atrial Fibrillation/complications , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Atrial Fibrillation/mortality , Heart Failure , Thromboembolism/complications , Thromboembolism/therapy , Risk Factors
19.
J. bras. med ; 100(2): 31-35, maio-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-682793

ABSTRACT

A doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) associa-se frequentemente a manifestações extraintestinais e a outros distúrbios autoimunes. A colangite esclerosante primária (CEP) é a principal manifestação extraintestinal hepatobiliar da DII (1). Embora mais frequente na retocolite ulcerativa (RCU), ocorrendo em 2% a 7% dos casos em algumas séries, sua frequência na doença de Crohn (DC) é estimada entre 0,7% e 3,4% (2, 6). Nota-se um risco aumentado de tromboembolismo arterial e venoso em ambas as formas de doença inflamatória intestinal, sendo esta a mais importante complicação vascular da DII (3). No entanto, a associação da síndrome do anticorpo antifosfolipídeo (SAAF) com a doença de Crohn tem sido relatada na literatura apenas em casos clínicos isolados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy , Cholangitis, Sclerosing/complications , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Crohn Disease/complications , Proctocolitis , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications , Thromboembolism/complications
20.
Journal of Forensic Medicine ; (6): 375-378, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-983765

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) are common post-operative complications of orthopedic surgical procedures, but are reported less often following maxillofacial plastic surgical procedures, especially with respect to PFE. Thrombi, or together with fat emboli in pulmonary vessels can induce hemorrhagic infarction and cause death. Herein this report introduced a death due to pulmonary hemorrhagic infarction following maxillofacial plastic surgery. The female patient underwent several osteotomies of the mandible, zygomas and autologous bone grafting within a single operation. The operative time was longer than normal and no preventive strategies for pulmonary embolism were implemented. The patient died 20 days after hospital discharge. The autopsy confirmed pulmonary hemorrhagic infarction. The fat emboli and thrombi were also noted in the pulmonary vessels, which were thought to have resulted from the maxillofacial osteotomy. Suggestions were offered to forensic pathologists that risk factors of PFE and PTE, such as the type and length of surgery, the surgical sites, and the preventive strategies, should be considered when handling deaths after maxillofacial operations.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Autopsy , Cause of Death , Embolism, Fat/complications , Fatal Outcome , Forensic Pathology , Infarction/etiology , Maxillary Osteotomy , Postoperative Complications , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Surgery, Plastic/adverse effects , Thromboembolism/complications
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